When Did Pharmacy Begin?

Primitive Man Around 2400 B.C., a clay tablet was used in Mesopotamia, which is now a part of Iraq, to write down some of the world’s earliest documented medical instructions. In this text written in Sumerian cuneiform, instructions are given for creating poultices, salves, and washes.

Wine, beer, or milk was used to dissolve the components, which included mustard, figs, myrrh, bat droppings, turtle shell powder, river silt, snakeskins, and “hair from the stomach of a cow.” The Sushrata Samhita, a famous Sanskrit literature on surgery and one of three basic texts of Ayurveda – or Indian traditional medicine – that goes back to as early as the sixth century BC, has the first known account of a medication that was compounded.

This document was written in India. On the other hand, the beginnings of pharmacy as a way of treating human illnesses and relieving human suffering may be traced back to nearly the beginnings of mankind itself. Since the beginning of human history, we have drawn inspiration from the natural world around us in order to make use of plants as therapeutic agents.

1. As a result, we developed the very first medicines during the formative phases of what would later become the field of pharmacy.
2. Society in the West A first pharmacist guild had been established in Western culture by the beginning of the 17th century, and apothecaries continued to play an important part as suppliers of medical treatment at that time.

Apothecaries in the United States were recognized as pharmacists two centuries later, courtesy to Edward Parrish of the American Pharmaceutical Association, which was called by a different name at the time. Up to the 1950s, pharmacists served as recognized medical practitioners in their communities, making and dispensing medications during that time period.

The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 was amended in 1951 by the Durham-Humphrey Bill, which resulted in a shift in the responsibilities of the profession of pharmacy. They started concentrating more on filling prescriptions and making sure their products were safe to use when they were told they could only recommend over-the-counter treatments.

In the 1980s, a movement was started to expand the role that pharmacists played in clinical settings. By 2003, with the passage of the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act, pharmacists were given greater opportunities to counsel patients on both over-the-counter and prescription medications.

Who introduced pharmacy?

History – The Sushruta Samhita, which was an Indian Ayurvedic book credited to Sushruta and was written in the 6th century BC, is considered to be the first known compendium of medicinal compounds. However, the oldest writing that has been preserved goes back to the third or fourth century after the common era.

1. Clay tablets written in cuneiform from the Sumerian civilization’s fourth century B.C.
2. to early second millennium B.C.
3. period sometimes contained medical prescriptions.
4. The pharmaceutical expertise of the ancient Egyptians was documented in a variety of papyri, such as the Edwin Smith Papyrus, which dates back to the 16th century BC, and the Ebers Papyrus, which dates back to 1550 BC.

Diocles of Carystus, who lived in the fourth century BC in Ancient Greece, was one of numerous individuals who investigated the therapeutic potential of several plants. He is the author of a number of treatises on the subject. Pedanius Dioscorides was a Greek physician who lived in the first century AD.

1. He is most known for creating a book in his native Greek that consisted of five volumes and was published.
2. The Latin translation of “De Materia Medica,” which translates to “Concerning Medical Substances,” was used as a basis for many texts written in the middle ages.
3. It was also used as a foundation by many scientists from the middle east during the Islamic Golden Age, who themselves derived their knowledge from earlier Greek Byzantine medicine Byzantine Medicine.

At the very least, pharmacy in China may be traced back to the Shennong Bencao Jing (The Divine Farmer’s Herb-Root Classic), which was written in the 1st century AD and is considered to be the first known Chinese textbook. It is believed to have been composed during the Han dynasty and that the legendary Shennong was the author.

A manuscript entitled “Recipes for 52 Maladies” that was discovered in the Mawangdui and was sealed in the year 168 BC is an example of earlier literature that featured lists of medicines for various ailments. At the conclusion of the Asuka era (538–710) and at the beginning of the Nara period (710–794) in Japanese history, persons who performed duties that are comparable to those of modern pharmacists enjoyed a high level of esteem.

Both the Taihu Code (701) and the Yru Code (702) provide an explicit definition of the role that pharmacists are expected to play in society (718). It was at this time that ranked roles within the pre-Heian Imperial court were founded, and this organizational structure continued to exist in a mostly unchanged form until the Meiji Restoration (1868).

Within this extremely stable structure, pharmacists and even pharmacist assistants were given a position that was higher than that of any other professional working in the health care industry, including medical doctors and acupuncturists. Within the Imperial household, the pharmacist had a position of prominence that even placed them above the Emperor’s two personal physicians.

In Ephesus, which is located in Turkey close to Kusadasi, there is a stone sign advertising a pharmacy business that depicts a tripod, a mortar and a pestle. This sign is located directly across from a sign that advertises a doctor. The modern city of Ephesus was founded in 400 BC on the site of the Temple of Artemis, which at the time was considered to be one of the seven wonders of the world.

During the time of the Abbasid Caliphate, often known as the Islamic Golden Age, the city of Baghdad saw the opening of its first pharmacies, also known as drug shops. These pharmacies were subject to governmental regulation by the time the 9th century rolled around. The significant development of pharmacology in medieval Islamic medicine may be traced back to the progress made in the Middle East in the fields of botany and chemistry.

The Birth of the Pharmaceutical Industry

For example, Muhammad ibn Zakarya Rzi (Rhazes) (865–915) was a proponent of the use of chemical substances in medicine. Rhazes lived from 865 to 915. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) was a pioneer in the process of preparing medicines using sublimation and distillation.

1. He lived from 936 until 1013.
2. His Liber servitoris is of particular relevance since it gives the reader instructions and explains how to manufacture the “simples” from which were compounded the complicated remedies that were frequently used at the time.
3. This makes it a particularly useful work.
4. However, Sabur Ibn Sahl, who passed away in 869, was the first physician to document his discoveries in a pharmacopoeia.

This book described a wide range of medications and treatments for a variety of illnesses. Kitab al-Saydalah, also known as The Book of Drugs, was written by Al-Biruni (973–1050) and is considered to be one of the most important Islamic works on pharmacology.

• In it, he describes in great detail the characteristics of various medications and explains the purpose of pharmacy as well as the functions and responsibilities of the pharmacist.
• Avicenna, too, was responsible for the description of more than 700 different preparations, including their characteristics, modes of action, and clinical applications.

In his book “The Canon of Medicine,” he devoted a whole volume to describing common pharmaceuticals. Both the works of al-Maridini of Baghdad and Cairo and Ibn al-Wafid (1008–1074) had a significant impact, and both were printed in Latin more than fifty times.

The works by al-Maridini of Baghdad and Cairo were published as De Medicinis universalibus et particularibus by’Mesue’the younger, and the works by’Abenguefit’were published as Medicamentis simplic Peter of Abano (1250–1316) is credited for translating the work of al-Mardini and adding a supplement that was published under the title De Veneris.

The contributions that Al-Muwaffaq has made to the field are also groundbreaking. In the 10th century, he penned a book titled “The foundations of the actual qualities of Remedies,” in which he discussed topics such as arsenious oxide and silicic acid.

He also lived during this time period. He differentiated sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate in a very clear manner, and he brought attention to the toxic character of copper compounds, particularly copper vitriol, as well as lead compounds. In addition to that, he discusses the process of distilling seawater for consumption.

During the 12th century, Europe saw the first appearance of stores that functioned similarly to pharmacies. In 1240, Emperor Frederic II issued an edict that divided the professions of physician and pharmacist. This led to the development of two distinct medical specialties.

1. There are pharmacies in Europe that date back to the medieval period and are still in business today.
2. According to the curator of the museum that is housed in what used to be the Santa Maria Novella pharmacy in Florence, Italy, the pharmacy in that location dates all the way back to 1221.
3. The Franciscan monastery in Dubrovnik, Croatia, is home to the oldest pharmacy in Europe that is still in business today; the pharmacy dates back to 1317 and was one of the first in the city to open its doors.

A pharmacy that has been there since at least 1422 may be found at the Town Hall Square in Tallinn, which is located in Estonia. The Esteve Pharmacy is a museum that can be found in Llvia, which is a Catalan enclave adjacent to Puigcerdà. The building itself goes back to the 15th century, and the museum houses albarellos from the 16th and 17th centuries, as well as old prescription books and antique medications.

Who is the 1st pharmacist in the world?

When it comes to Egyptian mummies, Asru is considered to be quite the celebrity. During her lifetime in the eighth century B.C., she was well-known for her singing at the temple of Amun at Karnak; however, she is more well-known now for her struggles with her health.

Why is it called pharmacy?

A pharmacy is “the art of making and administering pharmaceuticals or a facility where drugs are sold; a drugstore,” according to the dictionary definition of the word. The word pharmacy comes from the Greek word pharmakon, which may also be translated as “remedy.”

Why is pharmacy called pharmacy?

An etymological and semantic history of the terminology used by major pharmaceutical stores in the West is described below. This history is presented in abstract form. The word “pharmacy” comes from the Ancient Greek word “apothika,” which indicated a storage facility for food and wine.

The word “apothecary” is derived from the Indo-European root “apo-,” which means “to separate,” and “dh,” which means “to put.” The word “pharmacy” comes from the Greek phrase “pharama,” which means “to charm” or “to enchant,” combined with the suffix “-(a)-ko,” which means “cure,” “potion,” or “medicine.” The Latin word “pharmacy” is derived from this combination.

The phrase “chemist’s shop” refers to the equivalent of a “drugstore” in the United States. In addition, the origins of words like “drug,” “officinal,” and “dispensary” are addressed. The following is a summary of the many ways in which the phrases shop and store are used in England and the United States.

What is the history of pharmacy in the world?

Primitive Man Around 2400 B.C., a clay tablet was used in Mesopotamia, which is now a part of Iraq, to write down some of the world’s earliest documented medical instructions. In this text written in Sumerian cuneiform, instructions are given for creating poultices, salves, and washes.

Wine, beer, or milk was used to dissolve the components, which included mustard, figs, myrrh, bat droppings, turtle shell powder, river silt, snakeskins, and “hair from the stomach of a cow.” The Sushrata Samhita, a classical Sanskrit text on surgery and one of three foundational texts of Ayurveda – or Indian traditional medicine – that dates back to as early as the sixth century BC, contains the earliest known record of a medicine that was compounded.

This record was found in the Sushrata Samhita. On the other hand, the beginnings of pharmacy as a way of treating human illnesses and relieving human suffering may be traced back to nearly the beginnings of mankind itself. Since the beginning of human history, we have drawn inspiration from the natural world around us in order to make use of plants as therapeutic agents.

As a result, we developed the very first medicines during the formative phases of what would later become the field of pharmacy. Society in the West A first pharmacist guild had been established in Western culture by the beginning of the 17th century, and apothecaries continued to play a crucial role as suppliers of medical treatment during this time.

Apothecaries in the United States were recognized as pharmacists two centuries later, courtesy to Edward Parrish of the American Pharmaceutical Association, which was called by a different name at the time. Up to the 1950s, pharmacists served as recognized medical practitioners in their communities, making and dispensing medications during that time period.

• The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 was amended in 1951 by the Durham-Humphrey Bill, which resulted in a shift in the responsibilities of the profession of pharmacy.
• They started concentrating more on filling prescriptions and making sure their products were safe to use when they were told they could only recommend over-the-counter treatments.

In the 1980s, a movement was started to expand the role that pharmacists played in clinical settings. By 2003, with the passage of the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act, pharmacists were given greater opportunities to counsel patients on both over-the-counter and prescription medications.

Who is Father of pharmacy in world?

On the occasion of Father’s Day, we would like to pay tribute to William Procter, Jr., who is considered to be the “Father of Pharmacy.”