“gathering, detection, assessment, monitoring, and prevention” of adverse effects associated with pharmaceutical goods are the primary focuses of pharmacovigilance, also known as drug safety. Pharmacovigilance, sometimes abbreviated as “PV” or “PhV,” is a pharmaceutical science.
What does PV mean on a prescription?
Although most pharmacy technicians don’t get into the field with the intention of becoming interpreters, the moment they step behind the counter where customers drop off their prescriptions, many of them are thrust into that job. However, there is currently no guide that can help techs or pharmacists decipher a prescriber’s handwriting; those who are having trouble decoding a prescriber’s directions can refer to the following guide, which lists many of the abbreviations and sig codes that are commonly found on prescriptions.
- Those who are having trouble decoding a prescriber’s directions can also refer to the following guide.
- Note that prescribers may skip periods where they are given below, and they frequently capitalize a number of abbreviations that are stated in lowercase.
- This is something that should be taken into consideration.
Definition of the Abbreviation The aa notes for each Ana, which comes from Latin, AAA should be applied to the afflicted region before each meal. derived from the Latin phrase “ante cibum a.d.,” which means “right ear” Originating in Latin, auris dextra means “as much as wanted” and translates to “freely.” a.m.
- means “before noon” and comes from the Latin phrase ad libitum, which means “at one’s pleasure.” ante meridiem is derived from the Latin phrase ampule, which stands for quantity.
- APAP acetaminophen in aqueous solution water Aqua, abbreviated from the Latin aqua a.s., means “left ear.” Latin auris sinistra is the origin of this phrase.
ATC around the clock a.u. both ears ATC both ears Derived from Latin, auris utraque bib. drink The acronym bibe b.i.d., which derives from Latin, stands for “twice a day.” Originally from Latin, until the year BP blood pressure the inside of the cheek Originating in Latin, bucca c.
- with an accent.
- Originating from the Latin word “cum,” the term “cubic centimeter” is typically written with a bar above it (cm 3 ) A kind of shorthand for cum cibo that is used much less frequently (“with food”) cap.
- capsule cm centimeter Cream D.
- Day is another common shorthand for this phrase.
- Latinate in origin, dies means “to expire.” DAW stands for “dispense as written,” d.c.
means “discontinue,” dil. means “to dilute,” disp. means “to dispense,” div. means “to divide,” dL stands for “deciliter,” DR stands for “delayed-release,” EC stands for “enteric-coated,” EOD stands for “every other day,” ER and XR both stand for “extended-release,” and et and Derived from Latin, et f.
- , ft. make; let it be made The word “fluid” comes from the Latin phrase “fiat fl.” FXD for 10 days X = Roman numeral for 10 g, gm gram gal gallon gr.
- grain gtt.
- drop The word “hour” comes from the Latin gutta h., hr., and hor.
- HCT; HCTZ hydrochlorothiazide high dose before sleep.
- Derived from the Latin word hora.
hora somni is derived from the Latin language (“at the hour of sleep”) ID intradermal IM intramuscular IN intranasal inf. infusion inhalation abbreviation inj. injection IR stands for “instant release.” IU international unit IV intravenous K potassium kg kilogram L liter lb pound Derived from Latin, libra liq.
liquid lot. lotion m meter max. maximum mcg; μg microgram μ = Greek letter mu MDP Medrol Dosepak Pre-dosed container of methylprednisolone (Medrol) mg milligram min. minimum mL milliliter mm millimeter neb. nebulizer NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug Right eye medication belonging to the drug class that contains ibuprofen (Motrin).
Originating from the Latin phrase oculus dexter ODT stands for oral disintegrating tablet, and ointment o.s. refers to the left eye. Oculus sinister is a name that originates from Latin. OTC over-the-counter both eyes o.u. both eyes Originating from the Latin phrase oculus uterque ounces before authorization prior consent after meals oz ounces Derived from Latin, post cibum p.m.
- evening; after noon Originating in Latin, “post meridiem,” “p.o.” stands for “by mouth; orally.” derived from Latin, per rectum p.r.n.
- as required derived from Latin, per os p.r.
- rectally derived from Latin, per rectum p.r.
- rectally as required (for) The phrase “pro re nata pt pint p.v.
- vaginally” originates from Latin.
Originating from the Latin phrase “per vaginam q every,” “per” quaque q12, also known as q.12 h. or q12°, is derived from Latin and means “every 12 hours.” Any other number can be substituted for the number 12. q1-2; q.1-2 h.; q1-2° each hour and a half to two hours The numbers 1 and 2 can be replaced with any other number q.a.d.
on a daily basis; q.o.d. on an every other day basis The phrase “every morning” comes from the Latin phrase “quaque alternis die,” which means “every day before noon.” The phrase “every day” comes from the Latin phrase “quaque anti meridiem q.d.” The phrase “quaque die q.h.s.” comes from Latin and means “every day at bedtime.” Derived from Latin, quaque hora somni q.i.d.4 times a day derived from the Latin phrase “quater in die,” meaning “every day after noon,” “every evening,” and “quantity quart,” “q.p.m.” Derived from Latin, quaque post meridiem q.s.
a sufficient number Quantum sufficiat q.w. every week is derived from the Latin language. Rx prescription Originating from the Latin verb recipere, which means “to take,” s. without derived from the Latin word sine; often shown with a bar above it in writing form Subcutaneous, Subcutaneous, and Subcutaneous writing; labeling Originating from the Latin word “signa,” SL stands for “sublingually,” or “under the tongue.” SOB is for “shortness of breath.” Inhibitor of selective serotonin reuptake, or SSRI for short.
- Immediate use of a medication belonging to the same class as the antidepressants escitalopram (Lexapro) and fluoxetine (Prozac).
- Originating from the Latin word for “suppository,” “statim,” and “suspension,” “sup” syr.
- syrup tab.
- tablet TAD take as advised in the above.
- tbsp tablespoon t.i.d.3 times a day topical is derived from the Latin phrase ter in die top.
troch. lozenge Tsp and teaspoon are both derived from the Latin word trochiscus. U unit u.d. , ut. dict. as directed Ointment is derived from the Latin phrase ut dictum ung. Originating from the Latin word “unguentum,” which means “with food,” “with meals,” and “without,” respectively.
What is stand for PV?
The term “photovoltaic” (abbreviated as “PV”) refers to the generation of electricity using the light and heat of the sun. The term comes from the Greek terms “photo,” which means light, and “voltaic,” which refers to voltage.
Why are abbreviations used on prescriptions?
Use of Abbreviations Becoming Less Common – Although the Latin names are still often used, some medical professionals are moving away from using them. It is an increasingly normal practice for medical professionals to write prescription instructions in language that is easy to understand.
- Prescriptions that are clear and easy to read can help reduce the risk of drug mistakes.
- Because of this, many people who work in the medical field believe that written instructions should be utilized rather than abbreviations, which might be difficult to understand.
- It is possible, for instance, to confuse the abbreviation qd, which stands for “daily,” with the acronym qid, which refers to “four times a day.” It’s also possible to mistake it with od, which literally translates to “right eye.” The avoidance of misunderstanding can be achieved by simply writing “everyday.” E-prescribing, also known as electronic prescribing, can be another tool for reducing the occurrence of drug mistakes.
It is less likely for human mistake to occur when instructions are transmitted electronically straight to the pharmacist. It’s possible that you’ll never notice the abbreviations if your doctor writes prescriptions using an electronic system. E-prescribing makes patients safer in a number of ways, including the following: It does away with prescriptions that are difficult to read.
- It lessens the necessity for relying on verbal communication, which might increase the likelihood of making errors.
- It can inform the provider of healthcare about whether or not the patient has an allergy to a certain medication.
- It is able to offer the healthcare professional with information regarding potential medication interactions.
The history of the patient’s medicine is not difficult for the healthcare professional to get.
What are the most common abbreviations present in a prescription?
Table 1: Common Medical Abbreviations Please note that this is not a comprehensive list of medical abbreviations or abbreviations that are prone to mistake. If you have any queries about the meaning of medical acronyms or phrases, you should always consult with your healthcare professional.
| Abbreviation | Meaning / Intended Meaning | Notes About Confusion |
|---|---|---|
| 1/2NS | one-half normal saline (0.45%) | Normal saline (NS) is 0.9%, so one-half normal saline is 0.45% |
| 5-ASA | 5-aminosalicylic acid | Can be misinterpreted as five tablets of aspirin (per FDA). Spell out full drug name. |
| a | before | |
| A.M. | morning | |
| aa | of each | |
| AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm (called a “triple-A”) | Can be misinterpreted as ‘apply to affected area’ |
| AAA | apply to affected area | Can be misinterpreted as ‘abdominal aortic aneurysm’ |
| ac | before meals | |
| achs | before meals and at bedtime | |
| AD | right ear | |
| ad lib | freely; as much as desired | |
| ad sat. | to saturation | |
| ad. | to; up to | Caution not to confuse with AD (meaning right ear) |
| ALT | alanine aminotransferase | |
| alt. | alternate | |
| alt.h. | every other hour | |
| am, A.M. | in the morning; before noon | |
| amp | ampule | |
| amt. | amount | |
| ant. | anterior | |
| ante | before | |
| ap | before dinner | |
| APAP | acetaminophen | Spell out drug name “acetaminophen” |
| aPTT | activated partial thromboplastin | |
| AQ, aq | water | |
| a.s. , AS | left ear | |
| ASA | aspirin | Spell out drug name “aspirin” |
| AST | aspartate aminotransferase | |
| ATC | around the clock | |
| AU | each ear; both ears | |
| AZT | zidovudine | Can be misinterpreted as azathioprine (per FDA). Spell out drug name. |
| Ba | barium | |
| BCP | birth control pills | |
| Bi | bismuth | |
| bid, BID | twice a day | |
| BM | bowel movement | |
| BMI | body mass index | |
| bol | bolus | |
| BP | blood pressure | |
| BPH | benign prostatic hypertrophy | |
| BS | blood sugar | |
| BSA | body surface area | |
| BT | bedtime | In U.S. , ‘hs’ or ‘HS’ is more commonly used for bedtime. |
| c | with | |
| C.C. | chief complaint | |
| c/o | complaints of | |
| C&S | culture and sensitivity | |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft | |
| CaCO 3 | calcium carbonate | |
| CAD | coronary artery disease | |
| CAP | cancer of the prostate | Do not confuse with “capsule” |
| cap. | capsule | Do not confuse with “cancer of the prostate” |
| CBC | complete blood count | |
| cc | cubic centimeters | May be mistaken as u (units) per ISMP. Use mL instead of cc. |
| CD | controlled delivery | |
| CF | cystic fibrosis | |
| cm | centimeter | |
| CNS | central nervous system | |
| conc | concentrated | |
| CPZ | Compazine | Can be misinterpreted as chlorpromazine (per FDA). Spell out drug name. |
| CR | controlled-release | |
| cr, crm | cream | |
| CV | cardiovascular | |
| CXR | chest x-ray | |
| D/C, dc, disc. | discontinue OR discharge | Multiple possible meanings; spell out instead of using “D/C” |
| D5/0.9 NaCl | 5% dextrose and normal saline solution (0.9% NaCl) | |
| D5 1/2/NS | 5% dextrose and half normal saline solution (0.45% NaCl) | |
| D5NS | dextrose 5% in normal saline (0.9%) | |
| D5W | 5% dextrose in water | |
| DAW | dispense as written | |
| DBP | diastolic blood pressure | |
| dil. | diluted | |
| disp | dispense | |
| div | divide | |
| DKA | diabetic ketoacidosis | |
| dL | deciliter | |
| DM | diabetes mellitus | |
| DO | Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine | |
| DOB | date of birth | |
| DPT | diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus | Better to spell out vaccine name; can be misinterpreted as Demerol-Phenergan-Thorazine per FDA |
| DR | delayed-release | |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis | |
| DW | dextrose in water, diabetes mellitus or distilled water | Multiple possible meanings; spell out instead of using “DW” |
| EC | enteric-coated | |
| EENT | Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat | |
| elix. | elixir | |
| emuls. | emulsion | |
| ER | extended-release | Can also mean “emergency room” |
| ER | emergency room | Can also mean “extended-release” |
| ETOH | ethyl alcohol | |
| F | Fahrenheit | |
| f or F | female | |
| FBS | fasting blood sugar | |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration | |
| Fe | Iron | |
| FFP | fresh frozen plasma | |
| fl or fld | fluid | |
| ft | foot | |
| G, or g, or gm | gram | “g” is preferred symbol |
| garg | gargle | |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease | |
| GI | gastrointestinal | |
| gr. | grain | Apothecary measurement (obsolete and may be misinterpreted as gram; do not use) |
| GTT | glucose tolerance test | Can be confused with gtt for drops |
| gtt, gtts | drop, drops | Can be confused with GTT for glucose tolerance test |
| GU | genitourinary | |
| guttat. | drop by drop | |
| h, or hr. | hour | |
| h/o | history of | |
| H&H | hematocrit and hemoglobin | |
| H 2 | histamine 2 | |
| H 2 0 | water | |
| HAART | highly active antiretroviral therapy | |
| HCT, or Hct | hematocrit | |
| HCT | hydrocortisone | Better to spell out drug name; can be misinterpreted as hydrochlorothiazide per FDA |
| HCTZ | hydrochlorothiazide | Better to spell out drug name; can be misinterpreted as hydrocortisone per FDA |
| HR | heart rate | |
| HS | half-strength | better to spell out; do not mistake for “bedtime” |
| hs or HS | at bedtime, hours of sleep | Do not misinterpret as ‘half-strength’ |
| HTN | hypertension | |
| hx | history | |
| IBW | ideal body weight | |
| ID | intradermal OR infectious disease | Multiple possible meanings; spell out word instead of using “ID” |
| IJ | injection | better to spell out ‘injection’ |
| IM | intramuscular | |
| IN | intranasal | |
| inf | infusion | |
| inj. | injection | |
| instill. | instillation | |
| IP | intraperitoneal | |
| IR | immediate-release | |
| IU | international unit(s) | Mistaken as IV (intravenous) or the number 10 (ten); Instead use “International Unit(s)” (per Joint Commission’s “Do Not Use” List of Abbreviations) |
| IUD | intrauterine device | |
| IV | intravenous | |
| IVP | intravenous push | Could be confused with ‘intravenous pyelogram’ |
| IVPB | intravenous piggyback | |
| J | joule | |
| K | potassium | |
| KOH | potassium hydroxide | |
| L or l | liter | Lowercase letter l may be mistaken as the number 1 (per ISMP). Instead use L (uppercase) for liter. |
| LA | long-acting | |
| lab | laboratory | |
| lb. | pound | |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein | |
| LFT | liver function tests | |
| Li | lithium | |
| liq. | liquid | |
| LMP | last menstrual period | |
| lot | lotion | |
| LPN | licensed practical nurse | |
| LR | lactated ringer (solution) | |
| mane | in the morning | |
| mcg or µg | microgram | Can be misinterpreted to mean “mg” or milligram, better to spell out ‘microgram’ |
| MD | medical doctor | |
| MDI | metered-dose inhaler | |
| mEq | milliequivalent | |
| mEq/L | milliequivalent per liter | |
| Mg | magnesium | |
| mg | milligram | |
| MgSO 4 | magnesium sulfate | May be confused with “MSO4” (morphine sulfate), spell out “magnesium sulfate” – Joint Commission’s “Do Not Use” List of Abbreviations |
| mL | milliliter | Do not use ml as lowercase l may be mistaken for the number 1. Use mL (lowercase m, uppercase L) for milliliter (per ISMP). |
| mm | millimeter | |
| MM or M | million | May be mistaken as thousand. Use million. |
| M or K | thousand | May be mistaken as million. Use thousand. |
| mm of Hg | millimeters of mercury | |
| mMol | millimole | |
| MMR | measle-mumps-rubella (vaccine) | |
| mol wt | molecular weight | |
| MR | modified-release | |
| MS | morphine sulfate or magnesium sulfate | Can mean either morphine sulfate or magnesium sulfate, spell out full drug name – Joint Commission’s “Do Not Use” List of Abbreviations |
| MSO4 | morphine sulfate | May be confused with “MgSO4”; instead spell out “morphine sulfate” – Joint Commission’s “Do Not Use” List of Abbreviations |
| n or noct. | in the night | |
| N/A | not applicable | |
| N/V, N&V | nausea and vomiting | |
| Na | sodium | |
| NAS | intranasal | |
| NDC | National Drug Code | |
| Ng or ng | nanogram | May be mistaken as mg or nasogastric. Use nanogram. |
| NGT | nasogastric tube | |
| NH 3 | ammonia | |
| NKA | no known allergies | |
| NKDA | no known drug allergies | |
| noct. maneq. | night and morning | |
| NP | nurse practitioner | |
| NPO, n.p.o. | nothing by mouth | Preferred by AMA to spell out “nothing by mouth” |
| NS | normal saline | |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug | |
| NTE | not to exceed | |
| O 2 | oxygen | |
| OC | oral contraceptive | |
| o.d. , OD | right eye | Can also mean “overdose” or “once daily”; better to spell out “right eye” |
| o.d. | once per day | Preferred in the UK; Can also mean “overdose” or “right eye”; better to spell out “once per day” |
| OJ | orange juice | |
| o.s. , OS | left eye | |
| OTC | over-the-counter | |
| PA | Physician Assistant | |
| pc | after meals | |
| PRN | as needed | |
| PM | evening | |
| PO | orally or by mouth | May be better to spell out “by mouth” or “orally” (per AMA) |
| q | every | |
| q4h | every 4 hours | |
| q6h | every 6 hours | |
| q8h | every 8 hours | |
| q12h | every 12 hours | |
| qam | every morning | |
| qd, QD, q.d. , Q.D. | every day | Can be mistaken as q.i.d. Instead write “daily” (per The Joint Commission “Do Not Use List”) or “use daily” per ISMP list |
| qhs | each night at bedtime | Can be confused with “qh” (every hour); better to spell out “each night at bedtime” |
| q.i.d. , QID | four times a day | |
| qod, QOD, q.o.d. , or Q.O.D. | every other day | May be mistaken as qid or QID (four times daily). Write “every other day” (per ISMP and The Joint Commission). |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis | |
| Rx | prescription | |
| SA | sustained action | |
| SL, s.l. | sublingual (under the tongue) | |
| SC, SQ sq, or sub q | subcutaneous or subcutaneously | Use SUBQ (all uppercase) or spell out subcutaneous or subcutaneously |
| SR | sustained release | |
| STD | sexually transmitted disease | |
| supp | suppository | |
| susp | suspension | |
| syr | syrup | |
| T | temperature | |
| tbsp or Tbsp | tablespoon | Mistaken as teaspoon(s). Use the metric system (e.g. , mL). |
| TID, t.i.d. | three times a day | |
| top. | topical | |
| TR | timed-release | |
| tsp | teaspoon | Mistaken as tablespoon(s). Use the metric system (e.g. , mL). |
| U or u | unit | Mistaken as the number “0” (zero), the number “4” (four) or as “cc”. Write “unit” instead (per The Joint Commission “Do Not Use” List). |
| ud, ut, dict, UD | as directed | |
| ung | ointment | |
| UTI | urinary tract infection | |
| WBC | white blood cell | |
| XR | extended-release | |
| mcg, µg | microgram | µg mcg can be misinterpreted as “mg”. Better to spell out “microgram” |
What are the most common medical abbreviations?
The following is a list of abbreviations:
| Abbreviation | Meaning |
|---|---|
| # | broken bone (fracture) |
| A&E | accident and emergency |
| a.c. | before meals |
| a.m. , am, AM | morning |
| AF | atrial fibrillation |
| AMHP | approved mental health professional |
| APTT | activated partial thromboplastin time (a measure of how long it takes your blood to clot) |
| ASQ | Ages and Stages Questionnaire (a set of questions about children’s development) |
| b.d. s, bds, BDS | 2 times a day |
| b.i.d. , bid, bd | twice a day / twice daily / 2 times daily |
| BMI | body mass index |
| BNO | bowels not open |
| BO | bowels open |
| BP | blood pressure |
| c/c | chief complaint |
| CMHN | community mental health nurse |
| CPN | community psychiatric nurse |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| CSU | catheter stream urine sample |
| CT scan | computerised tomography scan |
| CVP | central venous pressure |
| CXR | chest X-ray |
| DNACPR | do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| DNAR | do not attempt resuscitation |
| DNR | do not resuscitate |
| Dr | doctor |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| Dx | diagnosis |
| ECG | electrocardiogram |
| ED | emergency department |
| EEG | electroencephalogram |
| EMU | early morning urine sample |
| ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate (a type of blood test used to help diagnose conditions associated with inflammation) |
| EUA | examination under anaesthetic |
| FBC | full blood count (a type of blood test ) |
| FY1 FY2 | foundation doctor |
| GA | general anaesthetic |
| gtt. , gtt | drop(s) |
| h. , h | hour |
| h/o | history of |
| Hb | haemoglobin (a substance in red blood cells that moves oxygen around the body) |
| HCA | healthcare assistant |
| HCSW | healthcare support worker |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein (a type of cholesterol ) |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy |
| Ht | height |
| Hx | history |
| i | 1 tablet |
| ii | 2 tablets |
| iii | 3 tablets |
| i.m. , IM | injection into a muscle |
| i.v. , IV | injection directly to a vein |
| INR | international normalised ratio (a measure of how long blood takes to clot) |
| IVI | intravenous infusion |
| IVP | intravenous pyelogram (an X-ray of your urinary tract) |
| Ix | investigations |
| LA | local anaesthetic |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein (a type of cholesterol ) |
| LFT | liver function test (a type of blood test measuring enzymes and proteins in your liver) |
| LMP | last menstrual period |
| M/R | modified release |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| MRSA | methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| MSU | mid-stream urine sample |
| n.p.o. , npo, NPO | nothing by mouth / not by oral administration |
| NAD | nothing abnormal discovered |
| NAI | non-accidental injury |
| NBM | nil by mouth |
| NG | nasogastric (running between your nose and stomach) |
| nocte | every night |
| NoF | neck of femur |
| NSAID | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| o.d. , od, OD | once a day |
| o/e | on examination |
| OT | occupational therapist |
| p.c. | after food |
| p.m. , pm, PM | afternoon or evening |
| p.o. , po, PO | orally / by mouth / oral administration |
| p.r. , pr, PR | rectally |
| p.r.n. , prn, PRN | as needed |
| p/c | presenting complaint |
| physio | physiotherapist |
| POP | plaster of paris |
| PTT | partial thromboplastin time (a measure of how quickly your blood clots) |
| PU | passed urine |
| q. | every |
| q.1.d. , q1d | every day |
| q.1.h. , q1h | every hour |
| q.2.h. , q2h | every 2 hours |
| q.4.h. , q4h | every 4 hours |
| q.6.h. , q6h | every 6 hours |
| q.8.h. , q8h | every 8 hours |
| q.d. , qd | every day / daily |
| q.d. s, qds, QDS | 4 times a day |
| q.h. , qh | every hour, hourly |
| q.i. d, qid | 4 times a day |
| q.o.d. , qod | every other day / alternate days |
| q.s. , qs | a sufficient quantity (enough) |
| RN | registered nurse |
| RNLD | learning disability nurse |
| ROSC | return of spontaneous circulation |
| RTA | road traffic accident |
| Rx | treatment |
| s.c. , SC | injection under the skin |
| S/R | sustained release |
| SLT | speech and language therapist |
| SpR | specialist registrar |
| stat. | immediately, with no delay, now |
| STEMI | ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction |
| t.d. s, tds, TDS | 3 times a day |
| t.i.d. , tid | 3 times a day |
| TCI | to come in |
| TFT | thyroid function test |
| TPN | total parenteral nutrition |
| TPR | temperature, pulse and respiration |
| TTA | to take away |
| TTO | to take out |
| U&E | urea and electrolytes |
| u.d. , ud | as directed |
| UCC | urgent care centre |
| UTI | urinary tract infection |
| VLDL | very-low density lipoprotein (a type of cholesterol ) |
| VTE | venous thromboembolism (a blood clot that forms in a vein) |
| Wt | weight |
What does PV stand for in gynecology?
Bleeding from the Peritoneum and Vaginal Organs (PV) – Emergency Care Institute.
What does PF mean in medical terms?
Pulmonary fibrosis, often known as pulmonary fibrosis (PF), is a kind of interstitial lung disease that results in scarring in the lungs. There are approximately 200 distinct forms of PF, and in the vast majority of cases, the underlying etiology is unknown.
What does PR mean in medical terms?
Methods of Labour Induction – Dr. Padmini Isaac | Cloudnine Hospitals
Abbreviation for “per rectum,” often known as “PR.”